New York Estate Planning Lawyer Blog

Many local families create their New York estate plan with potential family feuds in minds. History is replete with examples of siblings, parents, children, in-laws, and others being torn apart following disagreement regarding the passing of assets at the death of a loved one. Legal challenges following a death are very common. The legal fights are even more likely to occur when a significant amount of assets are involved, there is surprise about how they will be distributed, or inadequate estate planning has been conducted forcing the matter to be decided in the courtroom. Many parents have made the mistake of assuming that "the kids will figure it out" when it comes time to pass on assets. Unfortunately, that exact mindset has led to entire families descended into dispute. The fighting can last for years or, in some cases, even decades.

For example, last week Forbes touched on the case of the famed civil rights legend Martin Luther King Jr. MLK had not created an estate plan before he died; he did not even have a will. As a result, the distribution of his affairs was left entirely to the courts with the predictable family fighting that ensued--and still continues. Some time ago the King family children engaged in a series of back-and-forth legal battles following the creation of a corporation to manage King's estate. The lawsuits lasted for years before a settlement was finally reached between the children.

However, the possession of certain assets continues to be fought by the corporation (The Estate of Martin Luther King Jr., Inc.). Recently the estate sued the son of one of the Reverend's former secretaries (an old family friend) claiming that the secretary possessed historical documents related to MLK. The documents apparently include handwritten letters, speech transcripts, newsletters, and similar materials. According to the secretary, Dr. King gave her the documents over the years, and she always assumed them to be her personal property. He apparently never asked for them back over the decade and a half that the secretary worked for the Reverend.

The King Estate Corporation recently sued the family when it learned of the existence of the documents. The family friends are hoping to end the legal fight early, because they presumably do not have the funds to support a prolonged (and expensive) legal battle over ownership of the documents. The Estate is arguing that the documents were given by an employer to an employee, but the family friends insist that they were gifts. Resolution of this issue will come down to what Dr. King actually intended when he handed the materials over. Proving one's mental state is difficult at all times, let alone when it relates to events that happened half a century in the past. All of the fighting can be avoided by making ones intentions known explicitly through use of legal documents like wills and trusts.

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Forbes Shares Information on Celebrity Estate Planning Stories

Families across the country will come together to celebrate the Thanksgiving holiday next week. As a Forbes article recently explained, the holiday is a perfect time to discuss estate planning issues, because the planning is all about helping out one's family. One of the main goals of an estate plan is to ensure that surviving family members will be taken care of and not forced to endure stressful, complicated, and costly procedures to get financial affairs in order following a death.

One way to broach the topic over Thanksgiving dinner, say the article authors, is to frame the talk in the context of high-profile celebrity stories. The article includes a list of the "Top 5 Celebrity-Based Estate Planning Conversation Starters." Kim Kardashian's story made the list to highlight the role that marriages have on one's estate. The socialite ended her seventy two day marriage last month. Of course all marriages (short and long) have significant effects on one's estate planning documents, and estate planning attorneys should be consulted when a marriage is entered into or ended. It is smart to make appropriate changes even before a divorce is finalized; otherwise the estranged spouse may still retain control if a death occurs before the separation is official.

The feud over Michael Jackson's estate is also ripe with lessons. It was explained how the music pop star created a trust before he died and named his mother, three children, and personal charity as beneficiaries. Two trustees were named to help manage the trust. Our New York estate planning lawyers help clients in our community create these legal entities all the time. However, besides creating the trust, it is vital that the trust be "funded." Funding is the process where assets are moved from an estate and into the trust. Failure to do this makes the trusts seemingly ineffective. That is where problems have arisen for the Jackson estate.

Michael Jackson's trust was never actually funded. That means that there was essentially nothing for the beneficiaries to receive--even though the singer's estate continues to grow. The deceased star's estate made a staggering $120 million last year alone. The unfunded trust problem has resulted in much in-fighting and legal wrangling. Also, because the property was not in the trust, it still had to pass through the probate court. It was only this week, two and half years after his death, that those in charge of the late singer's estate agreed to move $30 million from the estate into the trust. However, this step still does not guarantee that any of those assets will be given to the trust beneficiaries. The trustees still control the assets in the trust and will determine when any assets are distributed to beneficiaries and how much will be given.

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Reality Star Feuds with In-Laws in Estate Fight

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Our New York elder law estate planning attorneys are proud of our work as counselors at law, acting as trusted advisors for the clients who count on us. In this capacity we spend each day meeting with community members to understand their family dynamics and listening to their concerns and fears about the planning process. By familiarizing ourselves with the unique circumstances of each client we are able to anticipate possible challenges to their plan and ensure that all the bases are covered ahead of time. In this way we can use our knowledge and experience to help clients pass on their assets and protect those assets in a seamless manner that avoids legal challenges and court proceedings.

The use of trusts is one of the key ways that our New York estate plans help clients stay out of the courtroom. Unlike wills, trusts do not require court proceedings to settle, both in this state and in other states where property might be owned. Avoiding probate saves the time, stress, and high costs of the legal proceeding.

Besides avoiding probate, our New York estate planning attorneys work hard to craft plans that cannot be successfully challenged by those who may be upset by client decisions. This is where taking the time to understand the family dynamics of each client is essential. It is important to anticipate ahead of time individuals that might have hurt feelings because of the details of a plan or become disgruntled upon learning of a client's decision regarding their assets. Unfortunately, family disagreements arise frequently in these situations, often leading some upset individuals to challenge the legality of the plan in an effort to overturn it.

In fact, sometimes involved parties outside the family can seek to legally challenge these decisions upon a death. For example, a New York Post story this weekend explained how a landlord is challenging the inheritance of a rent-controlled apartment in the city's West Village. The landlord claims that a 63-year old woman should not be able to inherit the unit from her 83-year old husband, because the landlord believes she married the man specifically to acquire the low-rent apartment. The landlord's legal complaint alleges that widow used "gamesmanship, seduction, and artifice" to get the man to marry her only one month before his death. The landlord also claims that the deceased was "out of it" at the end of his life and did not have the capacity to enter into the marriage and pass on the apartment.

Attacking one's mental capacity is a common technique used by those challenging inheritance and other decisions with which they do not approve. Having the professional assistance of a New York estate planning attorney is one way to ensure that these types of challenges are protected against. Without aid in these actions, many families set themselves up for costly, stressful, and time-consuming legal battles that could otherwise have been avoided.

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New York Estate Planning Attorney Shares Common Estate Planning Mistakes

Proper estate planning involves respecting client wishes about distribution of assets while creating legal documents to avoid probate, save estate taxes, and plan for disability. Many plans include similar components, but there is flexibility so that each client's unique goals and preferences are accommodated. For example, many area community members work hard to adhere to their religious principles in all areas of their lives--including their New York estate plan.

A new article posted at Wealth Journal recently explained how few areas of the law are as entangled with religious issues as estate planning. Many components of an estate plan may be influenced by one's religious or spiritual beliefs, from traditional rules about asset distribution to statements about medical decisions and funeral arrangements. For example, traditions like Judaism, Islam and Orthodox Christianity have detailed rules of inheritance that some may wish to follow as closely as possible. Similarly, it may be important to leave detailed instructions for trustees on how funds should be dispersed in accordance with those religious traditions and values.

Most residents usually apply a hybrid approach to blending their religious belief with their estate plan. One many wish to avoid following any religious custom except for burial and funeral arrangements. Others may seek strict adherence except restrictions on cessation of heroic medical measures. There is seemingly an endless combination of approaches that one might seek to balance in their estate plan. Of course, whatever one's desires it is crucial to have open and honest discussions with loved ones about these issues so that they can be communicated effectively during the planning process. In our area it is also important to contact an experienced New York estate planning attorney who can effectively integrate religious wishes into a plan that simultaneously respects legal, tax, and ethical issues.

Interestingly, the same general advice also applies to those who specifically want no religious components in their plan. It is often a mistake to assume that the default rules will lead to no religious involvement in end of life affairs. It may be important to use estate planning documents to expressly indicate a preference for no observances to override incorrect assumptions by friends and family members. Without such clear guidance there is a chance that a third party could impose religious traditions on some end of life issues like funeral and burial decisions.

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by Michael Ettinger, Esq.

We were thinking the other day about what typically happens when a client signs a will. After the will signing, the client often fails to ever look at the will again and the lawyer may never contact the client again either.

Now, let's say this particular client dies thirty years later. The old will is trotted out and, lo and behold, the executor is some very elderly or deceased sibling and the beneficiaries are quite different from what the deceased would have wanted thirty years later. Not to mention that by only having a will, not being a plan for disability or nursing home protection, this client may have died penniless, having spent down all of their assets to pay for long term care.

On the other hand, had the client secured an Ettinger Elder Law Estate Plan, they would have attended a client breakfast every two years, or fifteen client breakfasts, had ten of their complimentary three year reviews and would have received a whopping fifteen hundred and sixty of our weekly Ettinger Elder Elerts. That's 1585 points of contact between the client and the firm, all designed to make sure that your plan works when you and your family need it, including for disability and long term care.

We received a call last Friday from a woman who said that her father had died but her stepmother was claiming that he did not have a will. The daughter was certain that he did, in fact, have a will.

What happens in such a case? Regardless what the daughter believes, unless a will can be produced there is no will. A check of the county probate court would be in order as some clients traditionally filed their wills in court for safekeeping, but this is rarely done today. There is also the possibility that the father destroyed the will he had, for whatever reason.

Another possibility is that all of the assets may have been made joint with the father's second wife and that she was also named beneficiary of any other assets, such as IRA's, annuities and insurance policies. In this case, all of the assets pass to the surviving spouse without any court proceeding and there is no need for a will or, if there is a will, there is no need to file it.

The remedies for the daughter would be two-fold. First, she could file a legal proceeding against the stepmother to compel an accounting of her father's assets. This may be costly and her claim against the stepmother, if all the assets were made joint or beneficiary designated, would depend on her ability to prove fraud or duress - a highly unlikely scenario.

Second, she may go to the probate court and request to be appointed "administrator" of her father's estate. An administrator, similar to the "executor" under a will, is appointed by the court as the legal representative of the deceased person. It is said they "step in the shoes" of the decedent and have full rights to act in their name. This way, daughter can approach any banks or investment houses where her father had assets and they must respond to her. She can obtain his mail and check for statements there as well. She can compel the stepmother to turn over all documents concerning her father's financial affairs. In the event that her father did have assets in his own name or assets that were left to his estate, these would be shared, by law, as follows. The first fifty thousand dollars would go to his wife and the rest would be split with fifty percent going to his wife and fifty percent going to his children, in equal shares.

Here is where the race to the courthouse comes in. Nothing stops the stepmother from going to court herself to be appointed administrator and gaining control of the estate. In such a case, the first to the courthouse, with a properly prepared petition, wins. We advised the daughter to come in to our office the following Monday and have the petition prepared on the spot and filed the same day. As this was written over the weekend in between, it remains to be seen what she will do.

by Michael Ettinger, Esq.

"Elder Law Estate Planning" is a niche area of the law which combines the features of elder law and estate planning that pertain most to the needs of the middle class.

Estate planning was originally for the wealthy few. Middle class families did not consider themselves as having "estates" to plan. During the Reagan years (1980-1988), a great economic expansion occurred, raising the asset level of the middle class into the realm of estate planning. With middle class people suddenly exposed to "estate taxes", the need arose for estate planning, to reduce or eliminate those taxes. A few years later, in 1991, the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) published "A Consumer Report on Probate" which concluded that probate was a process to be avoided, in all but the most exceptional cases. This marked the beginning of the end of traditional will planning and started the "living trust revolution". AARP recommended that families start using trusts rather than wills, to avoid probate and save their beneficiaries tens of thousands of dollars in the estate settlement process.

Since then, millions of people have set up trusts to:

• Save time and money in settling the estate

• Avoid legal guardianship if they become disabled

• Avoid having their personal and financial matters made public

• Reduce the chance of a "will contest"

• Keep control in their family and out of the court system

At about the same time as living trust planning became popular, the field of elder law emerged to help people navigate the increased complexity of state Medicaid rules and regulations, the soaring costs of nursing home stays, and the fact that people were living considerably longer.

Historically, estate planning was handled primarily by "white shoe" law firms in the deep canyons of downtown Manhattan, while elder law planning emerged out of the Department of Social Services. State employees began to take their expertise in Medicaid rules and regulations into the private sector.

To this day, these two fields continue to grow independently of each other, sometimes to the detriment of the clients lawyers are meant to serve. Estate planning lawyers mostly see estates averaging from the low hundreds of thousands to about two million dollars. Families with estates under one million dollars often cannot afford long-term care insurance. They may now or later need a Medicaid Asset Protection Trust (MAPT) to protect their estates from being depleted in the event a nursing home is required. Since the estate planning attorney is often unfamiliar with elder law, the client never gets the MAPT they need, and the estate plan to avoid probate proves useless when a nursing home stay ends up consuming all of the assets.

For the couple with over one million dollars in assets, estate planning is essential to reduce or eliminate estate taxes. In this case, they should split their assets into two trusts, thereby creating two estates, and doubling the exemption from one million to two million dollars. Still, this couple, while they may be able to afford long-term care insurance, may find one or both of them uninsurable due to health reasons. Perhaps what they really need are two MAPT's, not just to save estate taxes but to also protect the assets from nursing home costs, but they never get them because the estate planning lawyer is not experienced or trained in drafting these documents.

What happens when the estate planning client actually becomes disabled and needs long-term care? They, or the family, often consult with the estate planning lawyer who prepared their plan, but who may be unable to help them, due to his or her unfamiliarity with state Medicaid rules. Many families lose assets that might have been saved. Unknown to the estate planning attorney, elder law attorneys have developed numerous techniques to protect hard won assets, even when the nursing home is imminent, such as "spousal refusal" and the "gift and loan" strategy.

On the other side of the coin, what happens when the older single or couple meets with an elder law attorney instead of an estate planning attorney? These clients are usually sixty-five or over, and are looking for asset protection. The elder law attorney knows how to create a MAPT and often recommends them. However, on the estate planning side of matters, the elder law attorney may miss the need to set up two trusts for the couple to avoid the estate tax. He or she may have little knowledge about estate planning for second marriages, a growing segment of the population, or using Inheritance Trusts to keep the assets in the blood and protect the inheritance from children's divorces, lawsuits, and creditors.

While some of the family's needs may be met, such as asset protection, other needs are left unserved, often because the clients are unaware that these two fields of law complement and overlap one another. In other words, they may get what they want but
not necessarily what they need. These oversights are often visited on the heirs.

Your writer made the conscious decision twenty years ago to develop expertise in these two fields of law simultaneously. This has proven to be invaluable to thousands of families. Clients who originally came in for estate planning services later became elder law clients, converting their revocable living trust estate plans into MAPT's as they got older, or through the use of Medicaid planning services to protect assets when the need for nursing home care actually arose.

Looking back on our experiences in over ten thousand cases at Ettinger Law Firm, we conclude that we have assisted in the creation of a new niche, "Elder Law Estate Planning".

We define this area of law as:

• Getting your assets to your heirs, with the least amount of taxes and legal fees possible

• Keeping those assets in the blood for your grandchildren and, in the meantime, protecting those assets from your children's divorces, lawsuits, and creditors

• Protecting your assets from the costs of long-term care and qualifying for government benefits available to pay for care

While estate planning involves tools for well-to-do families, with acronyms like GRITS, GRATS, and GRUTS, and where elder law serves the diverse needs of our growing senior population, including the less fortunate, through Medicaid, Medicare and Social Security, "Elder Law Estate Planning" addresses the concerns of the vast majority in the middle.

By Michael Ettinger, Esq.

So many clients are advised that they need a will. In fact, will planning is becoming obsolete for persons over sixty for many reasons.

Instead of actually solving problems, wills often create them. First, they must be proven to be valid in a court proceeding, the infamous probate, for estates in New York over $30,000.00. Court proceedings can be expensive, time-consuming and things often go wrong. Also, when the client dies, that will is usually out-of-date, having been created decades before. The executors may be the wrong persons, the beneficiaries or their percentages may be wrong or other changes in the family have not been taken into account.

Notice of the court proceeding must be given to certain relatives who may be difficult or impossible to locate. Complications arise with relatives in foreign countries who may need to go to the American Consulate for notarization or "consularization" of legal documents. If there is a disabled child, the court will appoint a lawyer to represent their interests, including preparing a report to the court, and your estate must pay that attorney's fees.

Proof problems with the will lead to delays that often prevent needed funds getting to surviving spouses or children. It is fairly common for real estate to be tied up, while the probate process drags on, causing potential buyers to be lost. In some cases, stock cannot be sold even though it may be falling in value rapidly. Law firms routinely commence probate proceedings as a courtesy for families who cannot even afford the legal fees to get the matter started. Needless to say, the cost of court proceedings today may be expected to be in the five figure range.

Two other pitfalls of will planning bear mentioning. First, since the will is filed in court, it becomes a public record. Anyone may then go into the courthouse and order a copy of your will to see what you had and who you left it to. Your privacy is out the window. Secondly, since notice must be given to the heirs you may have left out, or left less than they may feel they are entitled to, you run the risk of a will contest if your estate is distributed in anything but equal shares.

When you are in probate court, who is in charge? The judge, not you or your lawyer. Don't suppose that the Judge will always act in your best interests, as the court may have other interests to consider.

Always better to stay out of court, in our opinion. By using a living trust, instead of a will, you avoid probate court and keep control, or at least control rests with those you have chosen, if you die or become disabled. The expenses are so much less without court proceedings that you may easily save tens of thousands of dollars.

The other problem with a will? It only takes effect when you die. Today, about half of all people eventually become disabled. Since the will does not provide for disability, you risk guardianship proceedings. These proceedings occur later in life when someone becomes unable to handle their affairs and does not have an adequate plan set up. In a guardianship, the court will appoint someone to handle your affairs. Not only may it not be the person you would have chosen, it may not even be someone you know. Trusts, which take effect while you are living, are considered a highly effective tool to avoid guardianship proceedings and guarantee that the person or persons you choose will be in charge. This way, you may be certain that your best interests will be looked after.

In short, when someone tells you that you need a will, think again. It may be a living trust that you need instead.