Estate Taxes

November 13, 2012

Updates in Gay Marriage Cases That Might Head to Supreme Court

The uncertainty about whether or not the United States Supreme Court will intervene and decide the constitutionality of the Defense of Marriage Act or determine whether the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires marriage equality will soon be over. That is because, as discussed in a recent, helpful ABA article on the subject, the members of the Court are set to meet next week, November 20th, to determine what cases (if any) they will hear on the subject.

This November 20th meeting will be a private conference. That means that it will occur behind closed doors, and the public will not be appraised of the discussions. In general, it takes 4 members (out of 9 total) for the Court to agree to hear a case. Maneuvering around these sorts of issues is very delicate, and filled with legal strategy. That is because the high court only considers the exact facts and arguments presented before it when hearing a case. But there are several cases that might be considered on any given topic, and so advocates on all sides of an issue, including this one, often jockey to have their preferred case used as the one the Court hears to decide the legal matter.

Observers note that the most likely case to be heard on DOMA is Windsor v. United States. This is the high-profile case involving a plaintiff from New York who was forced to pay several hundreds thousands of dollars in estate taxes that she otherwise would not have paid because the federal government, pursuant to the “Defense of Marriage” Act, did not recognize her marriage to another woman. Earlier the 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals struck down the part of the law that prevents federal benefits from going to married same-sex couples in states that permit such unions.

October 31, 2012

Selling Memorabilia Before Estate Tax Changes

by Ettinger Law Firm

As the end of the year gets closer, and possible increases in the federal estate tax become more likely, many are coming up with various ways to take advantage of the current favorable rates. For exampe, a story at the National Review this week suggested that a move by several former sports stars to sell various memorabilia might be motivated, in part, by the possible tax changes to take effect January 1st.

The article explained how New York Yankee great Don Larsen was planning to sell the baseball jersey that he wore in 1956 when he pitched a perfect game in the World Series–the only time that has ever happened. Larsen explained that he was motivated by a desire to help out his grandchildren. He plans to use the proceeds to pay for their college education. He indicated that while the jersey obviously has importance to him, the value of helping his loved one’s outweighs the value he places on the 56-year old jersey.

Don Larsen is not the only sports figure selling valuable items. Apparently well-known college basketball coach Bobby Knight is selling NCAA championship rings along with several other valuable sports items. Like Larsen, his motivation is to acquire funds to use on his family member’s education. Former world heavyweight champion boxer Evander Holyfield has also sold various items related to his boxing days in recent months.

October 22, 2012

Less Than 90 Days Left Before “Estate Tax Time Bomb”

by Ettinger Law Firm

Concerns are rising among many in the financial and estate planning fields as the year winds down without any more clarity on the future of the estate tax. A recent post from Advisor One, for example, explained that the shrinking 2012 calendar means that there are less than three months until the “ticking estate tax time bomb” explodes.

Here’s the reality: without Congressional action, on January 1, 2013 the current $5.13 million exemption level will drop to $1 million and the current 35% top tax rate will increase to 55%. In other words, many more families will face an inheritance tax and the bite will be much stronger than in the past. While it may seem like any time is a good time for estate planning (that is true), it is undeniable that taking proactive steps in the next few months to plan for possible estate tax changes may prove incredibly beneficial down the road.

As the Advisor One post explains, that need to plan is critical because changes are undoubtedly coming no matter who wins the elections next month. Each Presidential candidate has very different ideas about the estate tax. On top of that, of course, a President cannot make changes to these laws on their own. The final partisan make-up of both the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate will play into any ultimate resolution. In addition, it is not just exemption levels and tax rates that are at issue. Different policymakers also have different ideas about what assets are or are not included in the “gross estate” which determines the amount to be taxed. For example, the President has suggested that he supports including certain assets held in grantor trusts in the estates.

October 9, 2012

Creating a Trust & Funding It Are Different

by Ettinger Law Firm

Failing to use a living trust as part of one’s estate planning is one of the most common mistakes that local residents make. Relying solely on a will or (even worse) the intestate rules of succession, means that a family is forced to endure complex, stressful, and conflict-inducing hoops to pass on assets and otherwise handle end of life affairs. Trusts are far superior methods of ensuring one’s wishes are carried out in as direct a manner as possible.

However, as a Yuma Sun article this week reminded, creating the trust is only half the battle–it must also be funded.

What does it mean to fund a trust?

October 2, 2012

Will Estate Tax Burdens Affect More Families in 2013?

by Ettinger Law Firm

The occupancy of the White House and party control in the U.S. House and Senate will undoubtedly influence the future tax situation at a federal level That includes the tax that most immediately think of when considering their inheritance–the estate tax.

Last week the Wall Street Journal picked up on a new report that argues that the estate tax burden may affect a large number of households next year. The report–crafted by the well-known consulting group, LIMRA–suggest that without changes from the current trajectory, 15 million U.S. families may have some estate tax liability next year. That would represent 1 in 8 households–a far cry from the assumption that this is a concern only for the super-rich.

The findings were reached by analyzing the Survey of Consumer Finance from the Federal Reserve Board. LIMRA noted that many households might be pulled into the bracket where the estate tax applies because of the wide range of assets included in estate tax calculations–things like real estate, business ownership, and life insurance values.

September 27, 2012

Keeping an Eye on Upcoming Supreme Court Cases

by Ettinger Law Firm

Late September is well-known as the official start of autumn. In the legal world, it also marks the beginning of the new United States Supreme Court term. Many legal observers keep close watch of court actions at this time to figure out what major issues might be decided in the upcoming year. That is because the Court is currently deciding exactly what cases to take for the upcoming term (which begins in October). Thousands of appeals are filed, but only a small fraction will actually be accepted. In many ways it is much harder to get a legal case heard than it is to actually win the case in front of the Court.

Some cases that the high court might hear this year could have implications on elder law or estate planning issues. The most high-profile of these related to same-sex marriage. There are two separate cases that the Court might take, both which would have different effects on the rights of same-sex couples–and their planning.

1) Constitutionality of DOMA: The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) has long been a bane for same-sex couples seeking equality in their planning. The law defines marriage as only between a man and a woman for federal purposes. That means that even couples legally married in their state, like New York, receive no federal recognition of their union. Appeals Courts have consistently found DOMA unconstitutional. The law continues to force same-sex couples to work around their lack of recognition of their union in estate planning and long-term care strategizing.

September 12, 2012

Fundamentals of Estate Planning: Naming a Trustee

by Ettinger Law Firm

A trust is the central legal tool used to provide the flexibility and protection most residents use when planning for their long term financial, inheritance, and health care needs. There are many different types of trusts which provide different benefits to residents; each type comes with its own rules. However, one common theme is that the when creating a trust a trustee must be named. Deciding upon the right trustee in your case is crucial to ensure that things proceed as you intend when you are gone.

The exact role of a trustee varies, depending on the long-term plans of the individual who creates the trust. Yet, in general the trustee will manage the assets and make distributions from it according to predetermined rules and wishes. Some trusts will last for decades, and so the choice can truly can set the course for one’s long-term legacy.

A Wall Street Journal post this week touched on the importance of the trustee selection topic, and provided a list of key factors that should influence the final decision, including:

March 29, 2012

Estate Planning Challenges For the “Asset Rich and Cash Poor”

by Ettinger Law Firm

This week the USA Today shared a helpful story that analyzed some estate planning difficulties faced by certain families, often farmers, who have many physical assets but few liquid cash stockpiles. One obvious challenge for these families is dealing with the uncertainty of the estate tax. Estate tax considerations are of clear concern, because the family may be unable to pay the tax burden that comes with inheriting the assets without being forced to actually sell those very assets.

Currently, there is a $5 million exemption level for the estate tax. However, without federal action, that exemption level will drop to $1 million by the end of the year. All inherited assets that exceed that level will then be taxed at various rates up to 55%, with a 5% surcharge on estates over $10 million.

Our New York estate planning attorneys appreciate that these estate tax issues are of paramount importance to certain community members, like farm families or those with family-owned businesses. For example, it does not take much for farms of various sizes to cross over that $1 million threshold when taking into account land, buildings, and equipment. In addition, for many farmers, land values have risen steadily with advances in natural resource technology because of the increased profitability of available minerals. Many resources can now be extracted from land that was previously unattractive to the mineral industry. This increases the value of land but makes estate tax considerations a real concern for more families.

March 27, 2012

Tax Season Reminder to Plan Ahead to Cut Bill to Uncle Sam

by Ettinger Law Firm

For many the end of March represents the beginning of spring, warming weather, and the looming approach of baseball season. For others, this time of the year is consumed with the dread of having to deal with a fast-approaching tax deadline. There is usually little to look forward to in tax season other than completing piles of paperwork and learning how much was lost in the last year to Uncle Sam. However, our New York estate planning attorneys suggest that the trudge through tax season can be turned into a positive and used as motivation to come up with long-term strategies to lower tax burdens for the future.

Death and taxes are inevitable. But the process of aging and the stress of tax-paying can vary tremendously depending on how well one plans ahead. Helping with these issues is what our New York City elder law estate planning lawyers do each day. Much can be gained by putting affairs in order and crafting long-term tax saving strategies. Tax season is the perfect time to finally take the plunge.

A recent article from USA Today Money explores the ways that planning ahead can (and can’t) help local residents save down the road. On one hand, it is undeniable that that short-term tax picture is hard to predict, because so much hinges on federal legislative conduct in the next year. Barring action, various tax rates are set to rise at the end of the year (expiration of the so-called “Bush tax cuts”). Top income tax rates, capital gains, dividends, and estate taxes may all rise. In addition, the “marriage penalty” will return along with an increase in payroll taxes.

February 17, 2012

Tax Changes in the President’s 2013 Budget Proposal

by Ettinger Law Firm

Earlier this week President Obama unveiled his proposed 2013 federal budget. The mammoth document details how much money he proposes the government take in from taxes, possible changes to the tax code, and information on how that money should be spent. Considering the proposal includes various changes to what is taxed and at what rate, estate planning attorneys always pay attention to the details of the proposal. The budget applies to the federal fiscal year 2013, which actually begins on October 1, 2013.

However, each New York estate planning lawyer at our firm appreciates that this bill is simply a blueprint–a starting off point to begin discussions about the budget, not a detailed map of what will likely occur. That is especially true this year, because election years are always known for their lack of compromise and avoiding of controversial tasks. It is important to read this proposal from that perspective. That doesn’t mean that the budget proposal has no value when it comes to estate planning. The ideas set forth in the proposal are indicative of at least some ideas that will likely be brought forward for consideration that may become law. For one thing, contrary to the claims made by many reformers on both sides of the political aisle, the budget does little to simplify the tax code. Instead it suggests a range of increased layers of tax complexity.

The budget would change basic income tax rates, particularly for those in higher income brackets. For example, the budget calls for an increased minimum income tax rate of 30% for those making over a million dollars. In addition, the proposal assumes that the current income tax breaks for those making over $250,000, which were first passed by President Bush, will be allowed to sunset. Without Congressional action, these income tax rates will return to higher levels at the end of this year. In addition, the estate tax would rise in the current proposal to 45% from 35%, with the exemption rate dropping to roughly $1 million from $5 million.